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Two series of polyurethane matrix composites were prepared. As generally resistant to wear, the PUs can be used as matrices for wear protective and load-bearing composites. The objective of this study was to compare the mechanical properties of composites containing 5% vol. of selected ceramic particles, and unmodified PUs. The effect of various particles on physical and mechanical properties was studied. The results showed that the mechanical properties changed compared to reference materials: modulus improved in certain materials and in different temperatures, revealing the favourable influence of FA and SiO₂ particles. In turn, Rm and wear resistance decreased with the type and shape of filler.